The old hrm died back in April so I cant do that test but the problem with indoor VO2 max not recording had started before that. The CooSpo web site says the new HRM does do HRV www.coospo.com/.../28.html As you note it works outside so I doubt it's that.
My 3am (nearly 4am now :-) ) I sent you a file recorded with my other pm. This is an older ride where VO2max did record and it was the same bike/power meter https://connect.garmin.com/modern/activity/3947402175?share_unique_id=10
Does the issue correlate with the upgrade to the v15.40 of Edge? (you can see what version was used on each activity page, if you do not remember, when it was upgraded). If so, the you could try downgrading to v15.20. You can find it for example in the beta v15.21 package - it is the file GUPDATE-1520.GCD. Just note, that downgrading the firmware will reset all settings and data on the device, so do it only if you do not mind it.
As I told, if you suspect the firmware version, and do not mind resetting the parameters and data, downgrade to the older version with the help of the file I linked earlier. It would be helpful to confirm or eliminate a bug in the firmware as the culprit, and if confirmed, you could then ask Garmin to fix it.