Not if you just place the files in their target directory.
The Edge uses a caching mechanism so if you place the files directly in their target directory they do not get processed. Some files you can do this with, other files you cannot.
Files from the following folders need to be placed in the NewFiles folder for the Edge to correctly process them Settings Locations Courses HMD Records Segments Segment_list Settings Sports Totals
Yes. The information is processed and loaded in to non-volatile memory. Now if you have not changed anything in memory since you did the backup and then restore the files then things will be in sync. If on the other hand something in memory has changed and you place the backed up files directly in their target folders then what is in memory and what is stored on the Edge file system is now out sync. If the Edge needs to reload that information from the file system in to memory for some reason (e.g a software upgrade) then what is stored on the file system is out of sync.