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How does the Garmin Forerunner 955 calculate burned calories during cycling without a heart rate monitor?

I did the exact same cycling circuit twice with a week's interval.

The first time with the HR wrist sensor, mostly in Z2 and a bit of Z3, 2h20 for 64 km => an average speed of about 27.2 km/h, Garmin Connect gives me around 1000 calories actively burned, which is consistent with Strava's estimated power of 128 W average. E (Cal) = P (W) * Time (s) / 4.184 * Efficiency (approximately 25% of energy produced is transferred to the pedals), the numerical calculation gives E (Cal) = 1026 W.

Yesterday, the same circuit but without the HR wrist sensor at an average speed of 28 km/h, Strava estimates an equivalent power output of 135 W average. The formula for active calories given above would result in 1258 calories, yet Garmin Connect gives me 1780 active calories burned, which corresponds to an average power of 200 W while my FTP is at 250 W! This is almost twice the caloric expenditure estimated with the HR wrist sensor !

How does it calculate this? The Strava calculation based on power estimation seems much more reliable.
I don't want to rely on the HR Wrist, as I prefer to have my watch on the handlebars, but this negatively affects the estimation of my daily calories burned.

  • The simplest way is with a HR strap. I have a strong preference for an optical setup that I wear on one of my biceps, under my jersey, that's very close to as accurate as a chest strap, without (most of) the discomfort.  

    You want it to be Bluetooth multipoint, so it can handle >=2 simultaneous BT connections (955-watch and Edge or similar cycle computer), Most modern straps and optical models are, such as the Polar, Scosche, and Wahoo.  

    Not sure how/why it's calculating it otherwise, but my guess would be using some sort of calculation partly from the Power and the speed/altitude differentials Obviously not a great way to do it though, based on your result...

    I have a "dummy" activity for cycling on my Garmin watch (955, previously a 945 and Fenix 7), which is basically just a copy of the Road Cycling (or whatever cycling mode) activity, with no-GPS.  This forces the watch to enter into high-tracking mode when you start riding, which helps match the timing against the Edge/other Cyclometer logging, particularly if you want to get accurate Intensity Minutes for your rides.

  • Ant+ will work with multiple devices without issue. The Forerunner and the Edge devices are Ant+ capable.