No (you can connect to usb-c with an adapter but you will not get usb-c transfer speeds)
I don’t think anyone knows the internals of any Garmin watches unless they’ve done a tear down. Having said that, I can tell you that different Garmin watches have different levels of RAM available for Connect IQ data fields and you can draw your own conclusions from that.
Also the 945 is said to be close to a “MARQ in a plastic shell” afaik.
For practical purposes, unless you care about the capabilities of a given CIQ app, I don’t think the amount of RAM affects you. As far as CPU speed goes, someone released a benchmarking app for CIQ. You could wait for 945 to get added to the list:
apps.garmin.com/.../ac3c85cc-e467-4610-9a3b-90f3b8fbecc8
I hear the UI is snappier on the 945 compared to 935 and similar watches, anyway.
Total storage on an f5+ is 14.4 GB and the same on a 945. How much is free depends what the watch itself uses and on things like how much music is loaded and if you add extra maps.
As far as "speed", there are some CIQ benchmarks that give data when running CIQ, with a common one being the "Tree Benchmark" https://apps.garmin.com/en-US/apps/ac3c85cc-e467-4610-9a3b-90f3b8fbecc8 The f5+ has a score of about 3100 and the 945, about 3700 from what I've heard. In the description for the app, you can see how that relates to other devices.