I have an iPhone 11 and just got a new Edge 830. Like many others on this website, I tried and tried and tried to pair the phone with the Edge, but to no avail. I tried all the troubleshooting suggestions, but to no avail. I spent an hour chatting with support (mostly waiting for his next response), followed his instructions to the letter, but still no pairing. Finally got frustrated waiting 5 min between each response from the tech (he was obviously chatting with other issues as well) and gave up.
I then scrolled deeply into a question on this issue, and found that someone had discovered an update for the Edge 830 (dated Apr 23, 2020, so VERY NEW!) here: https://www8.garmin.com/support/download_details.jsp?id=14955#Instruct
Updated my Edge 830, following the instructions on the above link, then went through the pairing process again and...VOILA!! My iPhone 11 paired with the Edge 830 on the first attempt!
So I started this question so that other's don't have to scroll deep into the previous question to find the answer to this very frustrating problem.
Here's the update link again: https://www8.garmin.com/support/download_details.jsp?id=14955#Instruct
Download the update onto your EDGE 830 (follow the instructions), power the EDGE down and then power it up. Once it powers up,it will ask for permission to update. Once that is complete, the EDGE 830 will pair with your iPhone 11 like a champ!