I think there is some kind of glitch in the heart rate part of the firmware.
For example, on today's ride, my Garmin 1050 displayed a new max heart rate of 181 BPM as well as a new lactate threshold. Physically, my ride wasn't that draining and my maximum heart rate in the activity summary was 164 BPM.
The different readings didn't correlate so I explored further given I have atrial fibrillation and wanted to make sure I didn't have an episode of AFib. I downloaded the .FIT file and exported all of the data to a spreadsheet and confirmed the maximum heart rate recorded on this ride was 164 BPM. I use the max recording rather than smart recording so I'm able to see everything and there was definitely no extreme outlier of 181 BPM in the file.
I mentioned this strange behavior to my normal riding partner who indicated that he has also experienced this abnormal HR reading substantially higher than the HR average in the summary and also based on perceived exertion.
I've now had this happen several times. I'm hoping Garmin can determine what causes this issue so that workout heart rate zones don't get changed and just to have the correct data.