is it possible to filter out individual training data such as distance, speed, watts etc. from a training session without lap information via the GPS map?

Not sure I understand properly - the total distance, average speed, power, and other data is available on the graphs under the map. If you need it directly on the map, then you can change the map overlays (see the screenshot below).

hello, i wanna know a special distance of a tour for example  from A to B  marked in the graphic of the tour... and than I can see my value such as average heart rate, speed, etc.

Polar can.. 

Use the Trim function. Once trimmed, you'll see the values for the selected section. The trimming is reversible, so have no fear to use it as much and as many times as needed.

It's not as convenient as native functionality, but you can use the free site https://www.runalyze.com which syncs activities from your Garmin Connect account.

Once your activity is in runalyze you can:

1) hover over any point on the map to see the corresponding time and distance

2) (non-destructively) chop your activity into "laps" of arbitrary time and distance, and see associated stats such as speed, HR, power, etc.