Yesterday I added some comments to an old ride where I earned the climber 1 badge. I was quite surprised a short while later to get a notification that I had just 'earned' that badge. I didn't get any new points or a new badge though (correctly).
Strangely, today I earned the climber 2 badge and have edited the notes on that ride a couple of times (as you do when you think of new things you forgot to mention). And I've had at least three notifications about receiving that badge as well.
I reckon it's a bug in Connect somewhere. My edits have been using the web interface.