Same issue here. But this was on iOS 10 too, and updating to iOS 11.0.2 didn't fix it.
This regression was introduced between Garmin Connect Mobile version 3.22.1 and 3.22.2.8
I played a round of golf today and my Approach X40 tracked and worked okay. But it doesn't show up in my scorecard on Garmin Connect.
Additionally, I'm still not being recognized in Garmin Connect Mobile. I submitted an email to Garmin yesterday (in addition to the two phone calls) but haven't received a reply yet. It sounds like this whole issue is related to the latest iOS update rather than with our Garmin devices.
I'll keep you posted once I hear back from Garmin tech support.