To achieve each badge the saved activity must be at or near the distance recognized and only one distance badge can be earned per activity. An example would be that you would only get a Marathon badge for a running activity that was 26.2 miles even though technically the activity covers other shorter distance badges.
Make a treadmill run bigger than 1 mile and smaller than 5 km. Just as written in the document seilogramp posted. You can also trim the activity to get it under 5K.
