Anyone know why you can see your progress on some badges (10k a day and 60 days in a row ) and not on others like how many treadmill or yoga activities you've done?

It isn't implemented. Send a request: https://www.garmin.com/forms/ideas/ 

You can use goals or check the progress summary report to get the count. You must use a web browser to use those functions.

https://connect.garmin.com/modern/progress-summary

https://connect.garmin.com/modern/goals 

To use the goals function you will have to work around the fact you can only set one year long goals so use the count from the progress summary report to set the correct starting values. I move the starting date and change the required number of activities every time I get one of the badges.

The start dates for yoga, strength, breathwork, walks and treadmill are 2020-04-28.

For HIIT and Pilates it is 2021-06-01.

Here I'm working on the Pilates 2 and HIIT 3 badges.
I've moved the start date for HIIT 3 (50 activities) and changed the count by deducting 25 from the HIIT 2 badge. The new start date is the day after I got the HIIT 2 badge.