The connected GPS feature stopped functioning when I updated the Garmin Connect Mobile for Android app to the update pushed yesterday, June 24th, 2020. My Vivosmart 4 displays the "Waiting for GPS" message until it times out with the X icon and "Unable to connect to phone GPS" message when I attempt to use Connected GPS. Data syncing to my Vivosmart 4 works perfectly, and the app displays realtime heart rate info, so the Bluetooth connection to the watch seems to be working fine. My phone gives me the system notification from Connect Mobile "Sending GPS to Vivosmart 4" when I select Connected GPS on the watch, but it does not display the location/GPS icon in the Android task bar indicating that location services on the phone are being used, and the list of recent location services requests in the phone's settings does not show any location requests from Connect Mobile. My watch is still displaying weather data.
ETA: Garmin Connect Mobile shows a version number of 4.32, nothing listed under Build Number (it's in the post title, but I thought I should add it to the post body).
The failure point appears to be Connect Mobile actually polling the phone's location service: the watch is telling the app to pass through the GPS info, as indicated by the notification, but the app is not actually requesting the data from the phone's location service, as demonstrated by the phone not showing the GPS/location icon and not logging a location services request from Connect Mobile.
Connect Mobile has all permissions enabled, and I've cleared the data store and completely reinstalled the app. I've also restarted the phone. I've connected the watch to my desktop computer by the cable and synced it manually, also, as that has sometime resolved problems before.
ETA: Garmin Connect Mobile also has full background data permissions, and background activity is allowed (can't be disabled, and Samsung's app "sleep" function is disabled for Connect Mobile). I also tried resetting all network settings, as there were previous threads indicating that some Samsung phones encountered connection issues that this resolved; resetting network settings did not resolve the problem.
Other apps are able to use the phone's location services without issue - tested with my weather app and Google Maps, for example.
My phone is a Samsung Galaxy S8 Active (Sprint/CDMA version SM-G892U) with an unmodified version of Samsung's Android distribution (One UI version 1.1, Android version 9), kernel 4.4.153-17061689, security patch level March 1, 2020.