Do handheld units calculate distance straight-line, or on-trail?

Former Member
Former Member
I use a GPSMAP 62s for backcountry navigation. A few months ago, I hiked a section of the John Muir Trail, using routes that I created in BaseCamp. I used BaseCamp's 'calculated route' feature-- I entered waypoints for each day's starting and ending points, and then let BaseCamp calculate the route along the JMT, which is shown on my Garmin map set. With the activity profiles in both BaseCamp and the 62s set to 'Hiking', the route followed the trail as expected on my 62s.

Here's my problem: The distance and ETA calculations on my handheld were grossly inaccurate. What I think happened is this: While the 62s was displaying my route as following the trail, it was calculating distance and ETA as a straight line, as-the-crow-flies vector between my starting and ending point. In other words, the display was following the trail, but the distance and ETA calculations weren't.

So, my question is: Has anyone else come across a similar problem? I understand that a lot of people use tracks instead of routes, but that's not what I'm asking. So, please don't respond to tell me that, or to tell me to use some app other than BaseCamp. Thanks for your help.
  • Former Member
    0 Former Member over 11 years ago
    Depends on the maps and routing preferences in your 62S. Some maps do not contain any routing information (e.g. TOPO US 100K) while others do. Maps without such data can only have point-to-point (straight line) routes. Maps containing routing data can have routes following roads/trails/etc with the correct routing preference in the unit.
  • Well I use routes planned in Basecamp on my Etrex 20 for hiking, I've had the odd discrepancy but generally the two match. For example I hiked a 268 mile trail in 2012 and my Etrex 20 reported it as 270, in Basecamp it was similar.
  • Former Member
    0 Former Member over 11 years ago
    Thanks--good info. I'm using Garmin's 24K West topos on my unit (and in BaseCamp), with the Activity profile set to 'Hiking' both places. It sounds like I should be getting accurate estimates from the handheld. It may be time to look for another cause.
  • Former Member
    0 Former Member over 11 years ago
    TOPO 24K maps do contain routing data. "Hiking" mode will follow trails/roads etc IF it is configured to do so. One can have avoidances etc.

    Are you absolutely 100% sure you followed the route? From your original post it sounds like the distance logged was less than the route distance. Did you create a track log? If so how does its path compare to the route?

    Another possibility is that you didn't have a satellite lock when you started or lost it along the way. That could also account for a lesser number. Again the track log, if you recorded one, will show that.
  • I’ll take a wild stab at what you’ll find in SARLABS link, but I suggest you take a look at it.

    GPS devices and digital maps measure distances on the surface of the Earth model (WGS84 ellipsoid for GPS). Since the model is a smooth surface (no hills/valleys) only horizontal distance is calculated. If the terrain is rugged (lots of ascending/descending) distances will be under estimated.

    ETA is based on distance remaining and speed. Since speed is distance/time and GPSr calculates horizontal distance, speed will be the horizontal speed. This should result in an accurate ETA, however, hiking speeds can vary quite a bit depending on the terrain. While hiking, ETA is based on a current speed (more or less) and remaining distance (this should not be direct distance from current location to destination). When planning on a map, it is based on a fixed value.

    Neither our GPS devices nor our maps provide true locations. In the US, the source of trail data would be an important factor. Back in the old days, trails indicated on a 24k topo in mountainous terrain could, at best, be viewed as rough approximations (generally underestimated). They were not accurately surveyed and they also tended to change course over time (especially if they did not see much traffic). Today, a popular trail may be based on several gps tracks, but it could also be based off of a line off of a USGS 24k topo. A comparison of a track obtained while hiking with the trail on the map should give you an estimate of the maps accuracy.
  • Former Member
    0 Former Member over 11 years ago
    If the terrain is rugged (lots of ascending/descending) distances will be under estimated.


    That is true where I live. Many trails have average grades of around 15% or steeper. One can calculate or simply estimate the real distance.

    The Right-angled Triangles Calculator

    (maps give the 'b' distance, actual would be 'c')

    Or one can just hike a create a track :D

    It is also true, around here, that trail maps are pretty useless. Our trails are rerouted fairly regularly because they're taken out by weather, rock slides etc. I belong to our local trail group so I know.